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Harriet Tubman (1822-1913), an American abolitionist and political activist. Born a slave, Tubman escaped to Philadelphia, then returned to Maryland to rescue her family. Using the Underground Railroad she rescued about 70 people, family and friends. Tubman met the abolitionist John Brown in 1858, and helped him plan and recruit supporters for the raid on Harpers Ferry. When the Civil War began, Tubman worked for the Union Army, first as a cook and nurse, and then as an armed scout and spy. The first woman to lead an armed expedition in the war, she guided the raid at Combahee Ferry, which liberated more than 700 slaves. Photographed in 1908.