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Billie Holiday (born Eleanora Fagan April 7, 1915 - July 17, 1959( was an African-America jazz singer, songwriter, and actress. Nicknamed "Lady Day" by her friend and musical partner Lester Young, she had a seminal influence on jazz and pop singing. Her vocal style, strongly inspired by jazz instrumentalists, pioneered a new way of manipulating phrasing and tempo. Her delivery made her performances recognizable throughout her career. Her improvisation compensated for lack of musical education. Her voice lacked range and was thin, and years of drug use altered its texture and gave it a fragile, raspy sound. Holiday said that she always wanted her voice to sound like an instrument and some of her influences were Louis Armstrong and singer Bessie Smith. By the 1950s, her drug abuse, drinking, and relationships with abusive men caused her health to deteriorate. By early 1959 she had cirrhosis of the liver. She was taken to Metropolitan Hospital in New York with liver and heart disease. She was arrested for drug possession as she lay dying, and her hospital room was raided. She died from pulmonary edema and heart failure caused by cirrhosis of the liver on July 17, 1959, at the age of 44. She died with $0.70 in the bank and $750 (a tabloid fee) on her person. Photographed by Carl Van Vechten March 23, 1949.