Caption:
King Louis IV of West Francia, 10th century, wears a long tunic and a mantle that is thrown over the breast; his crown is closed like a diadem, and his sceptre ends in a pine cone 81. King Lothar I of Middle Francia, 9th century, wears a short gold-embroidered mantle arranged like a Greek chlamys, simple crown with several raised flowers, sceptre surmounted with a fleur-de-lys 82. Handcolored copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalart's Historical Picture of the Costumes of the Principal People of Antiquity and Middle Ages, Vienna, 1796.