Caption:
Japan: 'Samurai troops in the Second Choshu expedition'. Anonymous painting, 1865.
. The Second Choshu expedition, also known as the Summer War, was a punitive expedition led by the Tokugawa shogunate against the Choshu Domain, following the First Choshu expedition of 1864. The expedition was announced on 6 March 1865 but did not commence until 7 June 1866, starting with the bombardment of Suo-Oshima in Yamaguchi Prefecture.