Title:
Egypt: The Edwin Smith Papyrus, believed to be the world's oldest known extant surgical document, c. 1600 BCE
Caption:
The Edwin Smith papyrus, the world's oldest surviving surgical document. Written in hieratic script in ancient Egypt around 1600 BCE, the text describes anatomical observations and the examination, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of 48 types of medical problems in exquisite detail. Plate 6 and 7 of the papyrus, pictured here, discuss facial trauma.