Caption:
This axial (cross sectional) illustration of the brain shows disproportionate enlargement of the ventricular system which is out of proportion to the degree of atrophy. This condition is called communicating hydrocephalus or normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). This is usually seen in the elderly and can cause a clinical triad of dementia, urinary incontinence and gait apraxia. This triad of symptoms is called the Hakim-Adams triad. This condition can be idiopathic or secondary to previous intracranial bleeding, trauma, infection or tumour which can impair the CSF resorption through the arachnoid granulations.