Caption:
Jean Pierre Boyer, Haitian soldier and President of Haiti, 1873. Boyer (1776-1850) became President of the Republic of Haiti in 1818. In 1822 he became ruler of the whole of the island of Hispaniola after invading the newly independent formerly Spanish half of the island, Santo Domingo. His rule ended in 1843 when he was overthrown and forced into exile. From Santo Domingo: past and present, with a glance at Hayti, by Samuel Hazard, 1873.