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Title: South Africa, Zulu Kraal,1857
Caption: The term kraal primarily refers to the type of dispersed homestead characteristic of the Nguni-speaking peoples of southern Africa. Although from the period of colonization, European South Africans and historians commonly referred to the entire settlement as a kraal. Modern ethnographers call the several human dwellings within a homestead (Xhosa: umzi, Zulu: umuzi, Swazi: umuti) houses (singular indlu; plural Xhosa and Zulu izindlu, Swati tindlu). Folds for animals and enclosures made specially for defensive purposes are also called kraals. Image taken from page 33: The Kafirs of Natal and the Zulu Country by Joseph Shooter, 1857.
Credit: Album / Science Source / British Library
Image size: 4350 × 3139 px | 39.1 MB
Print size: 36.8 × 26.6 cm | 1712.6 × 1235.8 in (300 dpi)