Caption:
Replica of the Merneptah Stele (Israel Stele or the Victory Stele), of Merneptah, (reign: 1213 to 1203 BC). Discovered by Flinders Petrie in 1896 at Thebes, and now housed in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. The text is largely an account of Merneptah's victory over the Libyans and their allies, but the last 3 of the 28 lines deal with a separate campaign in Canaan, then part of Egypt's imperial possessions. The stele is sometimes referred to as the "Israel Stela" because a majority of scholars translate a set of hieroglyphs in line 27 as "Israel." The stela represents the earliest textual reference to Israel and the only reference from ancient Egypt.