Caption:
The most influential Christian angelic hierarchy was that put forward by Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite (4th or 5th century) in his book De Coelesti Hierarchia (On the Celestial Hierarchy). He created a schema of three hierarchies (spheres or triads of angels), with each hierarchy containing three orders or choirs. Angels of the second sphere work as heavenly governors. The Virtues (Strongholds) primary duty is to supervise the movements of the heavenly bodies in order to ensure that the cosmos remains in order. Taken from "The Hierarchy of the Blessed Angels. Their names, orders and offices the fall of Lucifer with his angels" by Thomas Heywood. Copper-plate engravings by Adam Islip, 1635.