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The Sicilian Expedition was an Athenian military expedition to Sicily, which took place from 415-413 BC during the Peloponnesian War. The Athenian survivors, including all the non-combatants, numbered 40,000. Near the Erineus river, Demosthenes and Nicias became separated, and Demosthenes was attacked by the Syracusans and forced to surrender his 6,000 troops. The rest of the Syracusans followed Nicias to the Assinarus river, where his troops became disorganized in the rush to find drinking water. On the other side of the river a Syracusan force was waiting, and the Athenians were almost completely massacred. Cyclopedia of Universal History by John Clark Ridpath, 1890 (cropped and cleaned).