Caption:
'Ferdinand Alvarez De Toledo Herzog Von Alba', (1933). Portrait of Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba (1507-1582), Spanish general and governor of the Spanish Netherlands. As governor of the Netherlands from 1567-1573, he enforced brutal anti-Protestant rule, executing some 18,000 people as heretics. From "Gestalten Der Weltgeschichte", a book of cigarette-card portrait miniatures of figures in world history from the last four hundred years. [Germany, 1933]