Caption:
Set of Watts-Freeman lobotomy instruments; box inscribed by Walter Freeman. Circa 1950. A lobotomy is a neurosurgical procedure (also known as a leukotomy or leucotomy) in which most of the connections to and from the prefrontal cortex are cut or scraped away. The procedure, controversial from its inception, was a mainstream procedure in the United States for more than two decades (prescribed for psychiatric and occasionally other conditions) despite general recognition of frequent and serious side effects. Following the introduction of antipsychotic medications in the mid-1950s, lobotomies underwent a gradual but definite decline. Walter Freeman (1895-1972) was an American physician who specialized in lobotomy.