Caption:
A mandarin square, also known as a rank badge, was a large embroidered badge sewn onto the surcoat of an official in Imperial China, Korea and Vietnam. It was embroidered with detailed, colorful animal (military official) or bird (civil official) insignia indicating the rank of the official wearing it. There was a sharp difference between the Ming and Qing styles of badges: the Qing badges were smaller with a decorative border, but the specific birds and animals did not change. The Qing dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China. It was established in 1636, and ruled China proper from 1644 to 1912.