Guy de Chauliac, French Physician

Guy de Chauliac, French Physician

Guy de Chauliac (1300-1368), French physician and surgeon. In 1342 he was invited to the Papal Court in Avignon, France, to serve as a personal physician to Pope Clement VI. When the Black Death arrived in Avignon in 1348, physicians fled the city, but Chauliac stayed on, treating plague patients and documenting symptoms meticulously. Through his observations, he distinguished between the two forms of the disease, the Bubonic Plague and the Pneumonic Plague. He went on to become personal physician to Pope Innocent VI, and then to Pope Urban V. His seminal work on surgery, Chirurgia magna, was finished in 1363. In seven volumes, the treatise covers anatomy, bloodletting, cauterization, drugs, anesthetics, wounds, fractures, ulcers, special diseases, and antidotes. He describes surgical techniques such as intubation, tracheotomy, and suturing. Illustration from Vies Des Savants Illustrates, Savants Du Moyen-Age by Louis Figuier, 1883.

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