Caption:
Pope Urban II preaching the First Crusade. The First Crusade (1096-99) started as a widespread pilgrimage in western christendom and ended as a military expedition by Roman Catholic Europe to regain the Holy Lands taken in the Muslim conquests of the Levant (632-661). It was launched on November 27, 1095 by Pope Urban II. The principal objective was the Christian reconquest of the sacred city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land and the freeing of the Eastern Christians from Muslim rule. The Crusaders arrived at Jerusalem, launched an assault on the city, and captured it in July 1099, massacring many of the city's Muslim, Christian, and Jewish inhabitants. Cassell's Illustrated History of England, 1865 (cropped and cleaned).