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Scientific Demonstration, 19th Century

Claude Bernard demonstrates an experiment for the chemist Henri Sainte-Claire Deville (seated at left), in a prize winning painting by Leon Lhermitte (1889). Claude Bernard (1813-1878) was a French physiologist. Milieu interieur is the key process with which Bernard is associated. He wrote, "La fixite du milieu interieur est la condition d'une vie libre et independante" (The constancy of the internal environment is the condition for a free and independent life). This is still the underlying principle of homeostasis today. He was one of the first to suggest the use of blind experiments to ensure the objectivity of scientific observations. In An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine (1865), Bernard describes what makes a scientific theory good and what makes a scientist important, a true discoverer. Unlike many scientific writers of his time, Bernard writes about his own experiments and thoughts, and uses the first person. The basic principles are: known and unknown, induction and deduction, cause and effect, verification and disproof, determinism and averages, truth versus falsification and discovering versus despising.

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Title: Scientific Demonstration, 19th Century

Caption: Claude Bernard demonstrates an experiment for the chemist Henri Sainte-Claire Deville (seated at left), in a prize winning painting by Leon Lhermitte (1889). Claude Bernard (1813-1878) was a French physiologist. Milieu interieur is the key process with which Bernard is associated. He wrote, "La fixite du milieu interieur est la condition d'une vie libre et independante" (The constancy of the internal environment is the condition for a free and independent life). This is still the underlying principle of homeostasis today. He was one of the first to suggest the use of blind experiments to ensure the objectivity of scientific observations. In An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine (1865), Bernard describes what makes a scientific theory good and what makes a scientist important, a true discoverer. Unlike many scientific writers of his time, Bernard writes about his own experiments and thoughts, and uses the first person. The basic principles are: known and unknown, induction and deduction, cause and effect, verification and disproof, determinism and averages, truth versus falsification and discovering versus despising.

Category: Historical & Fine Arts

Credit: Album / Science Source / New York Public Library

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Image size: 3694 × 2380 px | 25.2 MB

Print size: 31.3 × 20.2 cm | 1454.3 × 937.0 in (300 dpi)

Keywords: 1813 • 1878 • 19TH CENTURY • ART • ARTWORK • BERNARD • C. BERNARD • CELEBRITIES • CELEBRITY • CLAUDE BERNARD • DEMONSTRATION • EUROPEA • EUROPEAN • EUROPEANS • EXPERIENCE • EXPERIMENT CONSTRUCTION = SETTING UP EXPERIMENT • EXPERIMENT CONSTRUCTION • EXPERIMENT • EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE • FAMOUS PEOPLE • FAMOUS • FIGURE • FRENCH • HENRI SAINTE CLAIRE DEVILLE • HENRI SAINTE-CLAIRE DEVILLE • HISTORIC • HISTORICAL & FINE ARTS • HISTORICAL • HISTORY • HOMEOSTASIS • IMPORTANT • INTRODUCTION, AN • LEON LHERMITTE • MALE • MAN • MEDICAL RESEARCH • MEDICINE • MEN • MILIEU INTERIUR • NOTABLE • OBJECTIVITY • OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE • PAINTING • PEOPLE • PERSON • PERSONALITIES • PERSONALITY • PHYSIOLOGIE • PHYSIOLOGIST • PHYSIOLOGY • SCIENCE • SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATION • SCIENTIFIC THEORIST • SCIENTIFIC THEORY • SCIENTIFIC • SETTING UP EXPERIMENT • TO THE STUDY • WELL-KNOWN