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Charles Goodyear (December 29, 1800 - July 1, 1860) was an American self-taught chemist and manufacturing engineer who developed vulcanized rubber, for which he received patent number 3633 from the United States Patent Office on June 15, 1844. Goodyear is credited with inventing the chemical process to create and manufacture pliable, waterproof, moldable rubber. His discovery was adopted to multiple applications, including footwear and tires. Goodyear admitted that his discovery was not the direct result of the scientific method, nor accidental, but the result of application and observation. Alexander Gardner, 1860 (cropped and cleaned).