Selman Waksman (left) talking to Sir Alexander Fleming (right) and Gerhard Domagk (standing). All three men received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Fleming (1881-1955) won in 1945 for the discovery of penicillin. Gerhard Domagk (1895-1964) won in 1939 for the discovery of prontosil rubrum as an antibiotic. Waksman (1888-1973) won in 1952 for the discovery of streptomycin. New York Public LIbrary Picture Collection.