Joan of Arc (Maid of Orleans); French national heroine; c. 1410/12 - 1431. Joan of Arc at the stake (30th May 1431, Rouen; opposite her judge Pierre Cauchon & clerk Jean Massieu). Book illumination, French, 1484. From: "Vigiles de Charles VII" by Martial d'Auvergne. Ms. fr. 5054, fol. 71. Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale.