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Chess playing machine, created by the baron of Kempelen: The Turk, also known as the Mechanical Turk or Automaton Chess Player was a fake chess-playing machine constructed in the late 18th century. From 1770 until its destruction by fire in 1854 it was exhibited by various owners as an automaton, though it was eventually revealed to be an elaborate hoax. The Turk was in fact a mechanical illusion that allowed a human chess master hiding inside to operate the machine. engraving in La Nature du 18/11/1882. Credit: Collection KHARBINE-TAPABOR.