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Drop-front secretary (secrétaire à abattant or secrétaire en armoire)

Drop-front secretary (secrétaire à abattant or secrétaire en armoire). Culture: French, Paris. Dimensions: H. 63-1/2 x W. 32 x D. 15 in. (161.3 x 81.3 x 38.1 cm). Factory director: Under the direction of Jean Hauré (born 1739, active 1774-after 1796). Maker: Guillaume Benneman (active 1785, died 1811); and Michaud; Probably cast by Étienne-Jean Forestier (died 1768, master 1764); Pierre-Auguste Forestier; Chased by Pierre Philippe Thomire (French, Paris 1751-1843 Paris); and Bardin; and Tournay and others; Gilded by Galle. Modeler: Mounts modeled by Louis Simon Boizot (French, Paris 1743-1809 Paris); and Martin, possibly Gilles-François Martin (ca. 1713-1795). Date: 1786-87. This unusually well documented secretary--known as a secrétaire en armoire because the section below the drop front, or abattant, is fitted as a cupboard (armoire)--beautifully illustrates the collaborative nature of high-quality furniture production in eighteenth-century France. Because of strict guild regulations that enforced high standards of workmanship and stimulated a high degree of specialization, many different artists were involved in its creation. Intended for Louis XVI's study at the Château de Compiègne, a palatial hunting lodge fifty miles northeast of Paris, this piece was ordered to match an existing commode made by Gilles Joubert for Louis XV in 1770. Jean Hauré (b. 1739), a sculptor and entrepreneur des meubles to the court, supervised the work and engaged the German-born Guillaume Benneman, who had been named king's cabinetmaker in 1785, to execute the frame and the marquetry. The curvilinear latticework pattern of the marquetry was originally enriched with small gilded rosettes. The gilt-bronze mounts went through the hands of many different artists and craftsmen (listed above) during successive modeling, casting, chasing, burnishing, and mercury-gilding procedures. Jean-Pierre Lanfant supplied the original top of dark red Italian griotte marble, which has since been replaced. The detailed receipts for the work also record payments for leather to cover the writing surface and for the gilt tooling of its edges, as well as for the services of a locksmith. Although this secretary was supposed to match a nearly twenty-year-old commode, the mounts, especially the large caryatids--veritable sculptures in their own right--and the interior--veneered with mahogany--are expressions of the latest Neoclassical taste.
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Título:
Drop-front secretary (secrétaire à abattant or secrétaire en armoire)
Descripción:
Traducción automática: Secretaria abatible (secrétaire à abattant o secrétaire en armoire). Cultura: francés, París. Dimensiones: Alto 63-1/2 x Ancho 32 x Fondo 15 pulg. (161,3 x 81,3 x 38,1 cm). Director de fábrica: Bajo la dirección de Jean Hauré (nacido en 1739, activo en 1774-después de 1796). Maker: Guillaume Benneman (activo en 1785, fallecido en 1811); y Michaud; Probablemente emitido por Étienne-Jean Forestier (fallecido en 1768, maestro en 1764); Pierre-Auguste Forestier; Perseguido por Pierre Philippe Thomire (francés, París París 1751-1843); y Bardín; y Tournay y otros; Dorado por Galle. Modelador: Montajes modelados por Louis Simon Boizot (francés, París 1743-1809 París); y Martin, posiblemente Gilles-François Martin (ca. 1713-1795). Fecha: 1786-87. Este secretario inusualmente bien documentado, conocido como secrétaire en armoire porque la sección debajo del frente abatible, o abattant, está equipada como un armario (armario), ilustra maravillosamente la naturaleza colaborativa de la producción de muebles de alta calidad en la Francia del siglo XVIII. . Debido a las estrictas regulaciones gremiales que imponían altos estándares de mano de obra y estimulaban un alto grado de especialización, muchos artistas diferentes participaron en su creación. Destinada al estudio de Luis XVI en el castillo de Compiègne, un pabellón de caza palaciego a cincuenta millas al noreste de París, esta pieza fue encargada para que coincidiera con una cómoda existente hecha por Gilles Joubert para Luis XV en 1770. Jean Hauré (n. 1739), escultor y empresario de muebles de la corte, supervisó el trabajo y contrató al alemán Guillaume Benneman, que había sido nombrado ebanista del rey en 1785, para ejecutar el marco y la marquetería. El patrón curvilíneo de celosía de la marquetería se enriqueció originalmente con pequeños rosetones dorados. Las monturas de bronce dorado pasaron por las manos de muchos artistas y artesanos diferentes (enumerados anteriormente) durante sucesivos procedimientos de modelado, fundición, cincelado, bruñido y dorado con mercurio. Jean-Pierre Lanfant suministró la tapa original de mármol griotte italiano de color rojo oscuro, que desde entonces ha sido sustituida. Los recibos detallados del trabajo también registran los pagos por el cuero para cubrir la superficie de escritura y por el labrado dorado de sus bordes, así como por los servicios de un cerrajero. Aunque se suponía que este secretario hacía juego con una cómoda de casi veinte años, los soportes, especialmente las grandes cariátides, verdaderas esculturas por derecho propio, y el interior, enchapado en caoba, son expresiones del último gusto neoclásico.
Drop-front secretary (secrétaire à abattant or secrétaire en armoire). Culture: French, Paris. Dimensions: H. 63-1/2 x W. 32 x D. 15 in. (161.3 x 81.3 x 38.1 cm). Factory director: Under the direction of Jean Hauré (born 1739, active 1774-after 1796). Maker: Guillaume Benneman (active 1785, died 1811); and Michaud; Probably cast by Étienne-Jean Forestier (died 1768, master 1764); Pierre-Auguste Forestier; Chased by Pierre Philippe Thomire (French, Paris 1751-1843 Paris); and Bardin; and Tournay and others; Gilded by Galle. Modeler: Mounts modeled by Louis Simon Boizot (French, Paris 1743-1809 Paris); and Martin, possibly Gilles-François Martin (ca. 1713-1795). Date: 1786-87. This unusually well documented secretary--known as a secrétaire en armoire because the section below the drop front, or abattant, is fitted as a cupboard (armoire)--beautifully illustrates the collaborative nature of high-quality furniture production in eighteenth-century France. Because of strict guild regulations that enforced high standards of workmanship and stimulated a high degree of specialization, many different artists were involved in its creation. Intended for Louis XVI's study at the Château de Compiègne, a palatial hunting lodge fifty miles northeast of Paris, this piece was ordered to match an existing commode made by Gilles Joubert for Louis XV in 1770. Jean Hauré (b. 1739), a sculptor and entrepreneur des meubles to the court, supervised the work and engaged the German-born Guillaume Benneman, who had been named king's cabinetmaker in 1785, to execute the frame and the marquetry. The curvilinear latticework pattern of the marquetry was originally enriched with small gilded rosettes. The gilt-bronze mounts went through the hands of many different artists and craftsmen (listed above) during successive modeling, casting, chasing, burnishing, and mercury-gilding procedures. Jean-Pierre Lanfant supplied the original top of dark red Italian griotte marble, which has since been replaced. The detailed receipts for the work also record payments for leather to cover the writing surface and for the gilt tooling of its edges, as well as for the services of a locksmith. Although this secretary was supposed to match a nearly twenty-year-old commode, the mounts, especially the large caryatids--veritable sculptures in their own right--and the interior--veneered with mahogany--are expressions of the latest Neoclassical taste.
Técnica/material:
Oak veneered with tulipwood, kingwood, holly partly stained green, ebony, and mahogany; brèche d'Alep marble (not original); modern leather; gilt-bronze mounts
Museo:
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA
Productor:
Guillaume Benneman (active 1785, died 1811) • and Michaud • Probably cast by Étienne-Jean Forestier (died 1768, master 1764) • Pierre-Auguste Forestier • Chased by Pierre Philippe Thomire (French, Paris 1751-1843 Paris) • and Bardin • and Tournay and others • Gilded by Galle
Crédito:
Album / Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY
Autorizaciones:
Modelo: No - Propiedad: No
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Tamaño imagen:
3261 x 4053 px | 37.8 MB
Tamaño impresión:
27.6 x 34.3 cm | 10.9 x 13.5 in (300 dpi)
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