In the 1870's and 1880's Kimberley, encompassing the mines that produced 95% of the world’s diamonds, was home to great wealth and fierce rivalries. In 1872, one year after digging started, the population of the camp of diggers grew to around 50,000. As digging progressed, many men met their deaths in mining accidents. The unsanitary conditions, scarcity of water and fresh vegetables as well as the intense heat in the summer, also took their toll. Africa illustrated by William. R. Smith; illustrated by the most eminent artists, 1889 (cropped and cleaned).