Foliage of Sphenophyllum (left), a small herbaceous plant with jointed, woody stems, (related to Calamites). Growing to 2 ft. high, its delicate form carpeted the floor of the Pennsylvanian Epoch coal swamp forest during the Carboniferous Period. At right is Neuropteris (1" wide), a "seed fern" that grew as shrubs and trees to 50 ft. high. Though their foliage resembed that of true ferns, they were actually gymnosperms, the first plants on Earth to produce seeds.