Arhat (Luohan). Culture: China. Dimensions: H. 19 1/8 in. (48.6 cm); W. 7 in. (17.8 cm). Date: 16th-17th century.
This sculpture epitomizes the merging of religious and secular imagery in later Chinese Buddhist sculpture. With his shaven head and elongated earlobes, the figure resembles a luohan (one of the Indian disciples of the Buddha), but his refined facial features, dignified posture, long-sleeved robe, and pointed shoes--all attributes associated with Confucian scholar-officials--identify him unmistakably as a youthful monk.
The sculpture's tendency toward abstraction and stylization--the contours of the head, body, and robes are conveyed through the buildup of simple, curved forms--recall thirteenth-century images, but a radiocarbon date suggests that the piece dates to between A.D. 1324 and 1617.
Technique/matériel:
Wood (willow) with traces of pigment, single-woodblock construction