Color enhanced illustration of Otto von Guericke and his air pump. From "Mechanica-Hydraulico-pneumatica" by Gaspar Schott. Published, 1657. Otto von Guericke (1602-1686) was a German scientist, inventor, and politician. His major scientific achievements were the establishment of the physics of vacuums, the discovery of an experimental method for clearly demonstrating electrostatic repulsion, and his advocacy of the reality of action at a distance and of absolute space. Around 1650 von Guericke invented a vacuum pump consisting of a piston and an air gun cylinder with two-way flaps designed to pull air out of whatever vessel it was connected to. He used it to investigate the properties of the vacuum in many experiments.