Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Farisi al Istakhri (Estakhri died 957 AD) was a Persian medieval geographer in medieval Islam and traveler of the 10th century. His Arabic language works included Kitab al-masalik wa l-mamalik (Book of Roads and Kingdoms) and Suwar al-Aqaaleem (Shapes of the Climes). Spain is on the right; the circle near the middle contains the name of Cordoba. The black circle at the bottom is Sicily. On the left, North Africa.