Chief Joseph handing rifle to General Nelson Miles as a gesture of surrender, 1877. Hin-mah-too-yah-lat-kekt, (March 3, 1840 - September 21, 1904) was the leader of the Wal-lam-wat-kain band of Nez Perce who were forcibly removed from their ancestral lands by the Federal government. The Nez Perce who resisted took flight to attempt to reach political asylum and were pursued by the US Army. This 1,170 mile fighting retreat by the Nez Perce in 1877 became known as the Nez Perce War. The skill with which they fought and the manner in which they conducted themselves in the face of incredible adversity led to widespread admiration among their military adversaries and the American public. By the time Joseph surrendered, 150 of his followers had been killed or wounded. Although he had negotiated a safe return home for his people, General Sherman forced Joseph and 400 followers to be taken on unheated rail cars to Fort Leavenworth to be held in a prisoner of war campsite for eight months. He died in September 1904, still in exile from his homeland, according to his doctor "of a broken heart."